虚拟运营商（国内虚拟运营商现状）
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<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: 0px !important;">两周前，小米发布了小米Play，随机赠送一年的每月10GB流量赚足了眼球。把时间往回拨，小米MIX 3故宫版更是赠送了三年每月10GB流量和20天全球主流国家免费上网服务。当然这些都是虚拟运营商“小米移动”提供的服务，并不是由三大运营商直接提供的。除了小米移动之外，国内还有大量获得正式商用牌照的虚拟运营商，很多人都想分一杯羹。</p><img src="https://p26.toutiaoimg.com/origin/pgc-image/REGeEer37ZXJUd?from=pc" img_width="900" img_height="675" alt="手机通信新选择？国内虚拟运营商现状" inline="0" class="syl-page-img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px auto 8px; padding: 0px; cursor: zoom-in; max-width: 100%; display: block; border-radius: 4px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); height: auto;"/><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;">■虚拟运营商是什么</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">虽然能和传统运营商一样向手机用户提供完善的手机网络服务，但虚拟运营商不拥有电信基础设施，而是从运营商购买基础设施使用权。有了基础设施使用权后，虚拟运营商再自行运营，向消费者销售手机网络服务。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;">■虚拟运营商来自各行各业</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">目前，国内获得正式商用牌照的虚拟运营商分别为小米移动、阿里通信、京东通信、中兴视通、苏宁互联、极信通信（国美）、懂的通信（联想）、迪信通通信、海航通信、蜗牛移动、U友（爱施德）、红豆电信、远特通信、民生通讯、话机世界、天音移动、263网络通信、分享通信、乐语通信、朗玛移动、银盛通信、星美通信、普泰移动、中期移动、全民优打（广东恒大和）、博元讯息、华翔联信、青牛科技、连连科技和长江移动。</p><img src="https://p26.toutiaoimg.com/origin/pgc-image/REGeEf9FNZJW7Y?from=pc" img_width="900" img_height="675" alt="手机通信新选择？国内虚拟运营商现状" inline="0" class="syl-page-img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px auto 8px; padding: 0px; cursor: zoom-in; max-width: 100%; display: block; border-radius: 4px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); height: auto;"/><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">从这份名单不难看出，国内虚拟运营商的构成十分复杂。小米、阿里巴巴、京东、中兴、苏宁、国美、迪信通算是大家比较熟悉的企业，覆盖了手机、电商、通信等领域的主要玩家。其余还有一众手机通信企业，虽然不被熟知，但也算是和手机移动通讯有些关联。</p><img src="https://p26.toutiaoimg.com/origin/pgc-image/REGeEfJBdfvV8D?from=pc" img_width="900" img_height="675" alt="手机通信新选择？国内虚拟运营商现状" inline="0" class="syl-page-img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px auto 8px; padding: 0px; cursor: zoom-in; max-width: 100%; display: block; border-radius: 4px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); height: auto;"/><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">再看其余的虚拟运营商，大家就能发现这个行业到底从四面八方吸引了多少人。有主营服装的红豆、以网络游戏起家的蜗牛、航空起家的海航集团，来自银行业的民生银行、以电影和文化传媒出名的星美集团、在行云计算服务的青牛科技，以及网络支付提供商连连科技。此外，名单中也有隶属于贸易、金融企业的虚拟运营商。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;">■虚拟运营商现状堪忧</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">三大运营商面前，虚拟运营商在99.9%的情况下都会被消费者忽视。就算是最近稍微有点“知名度”的小米移动也是依靠着连续的手机新品打广告。作为手机行业最具影响力和话题性的厂商，小米的虚拟运营商业务也就只能获得这么多注意力，其它虚拟运营商的日子就更不好过了。当然，知名度不足并不是虚拟运营商没能成规模的唯一原因。</p><img src="https://p26.toutiaoimg.com/origin/pgc-image/REGeEfb1ZOpJJS?from=pc" img_width="900" img_height="676" alt="手机通信新选择？国内虚拟运营商现状" inline="0" class="syl-page-img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px auto 8px; padding: 0px; cursor: zoom-in; max-width: 100%; display: block; border-radius: 4px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); height: auto;"/><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;">被打上骚扰电话标签</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">由于虚拟运营商号码注册成本低，大量虚拟运营商号码被人利用成为了骚扰电话。号段分部方面，1703、1705和1706开头的号码是使用移动网络的虚拟运营商号码；1704、1707、1708、1709和171开头的号码是使用中国联通网络的虚拟运营商号码；1700、1701和1702号段则是电信。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">对于了解虚拟运营商号段和骚扰电话泛滥情况的人来说，遇到这种号码会直接挂断。再加上手机自动识别骚扰电话的机制，这对正常的虚拟运营商使用者产生了影响。大家选号都喜欢选好的，虚拟运营商在选号这一阶段就处在劣势。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;">并没有显著价格优势</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">到随便一个虚拟运营商的网上营业厅主页，乍一看资费都很便宜。但是近两年三大运营商持续的降价和越来越便宜的流量让虚拟运营商价格优势被榨干。再加上腾讯等网络公司与传统运营商合作带来了各种流量卡，虚拟运营商的生存空间更加狭小。</p><img src="https://p26.toutiaoimg.com/origin/pgc-image/REGeEfk1BCB1un?from=pc" img_width="900" img_height="383" alt="手机通信新选择？国内虚拟运营商现状" inline="0" class="syl-page-img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px auto 8px; padding: 0px; cursor: zoom-in; max-width: 100%; display: block; border-radius: 4px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); height: auto;"/><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;">服务不成熟</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">服务是运营商行业最重要的基本要素。就连三大运营商这种经验丰富、不缺资源的运营商都会时不时遇到用户对服务不满的状况。所以对于在经验、体系、人员方面都不足的虚拟运营商来说，服务的不够高效成为了让许多用户望而却步的又一原因。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在刚刚提到的这些虚拟运营商中，只有几家有像样的网上营业厅。有些虚拟运营商的主页设计落后，信息更新极慢，几年前的服务公告还在首页正中央。如果连自己的门脸都维护不了，何以维护用户的体验?</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;">■需要加强服务差异化、定制化</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在海外，经营的有模有样的虚拟运营商不在少数，它们的共同点都是提供了<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;">比传统运营商更加个性化的套餐，让用户把钱高效地花在自己想要的服务上。</span>对于国内虚拟运营商来说，大家可以在提供个性化、差异化服务上加大力度，明确自己的用户群体，做出定制化套餐。吸引了这些用户注意，形成一定规模后，就能更简单地展开其它经营策略。</p><img src="https://p26.toutiaoimg.com/origin/pgc-image/REGeF2IEd9cYpN?from=pc" img_width="900" img_height="675" alt="手机通信新选择？国内虚拟运营商现状" inline="0" class="syl-page-img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px auto 8px; padding: 0px; cursor: zoom-in; max-width: 100%; display: block; border-radius: 4px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); height: auto;"/><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;">■e-SIM普及有利虚拟运营商</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">e-SIM就是焊在手机主板上的SIM卡，使用e-SIM的手机不需要SIM卡卡槽。在理想状况下，这就意味着用户更换运营商时也不需要换SIM卡，只需在手机设置里点击几下即可。如果e-SIM真能普及，用户更换运营商就会更容易。几秒钟的随意切换可以让用户随时选择套餐配置更符合目前使用状态的运营商，这也就提高了虚拟运营商被使用的机会。</p><img src="https://p26.toutiaoimg.com/origin/pgc-image/REGeF2gGljCfBt?from=pc" img_width="900" img_height="675" alt="手机通信新选择？国内虚拟运营商现状" inline="0" class="syl-page-img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px auto 8px; padding: 0px; cursor: zoom-in; max-width: 100%; display: block; border-radius: 4px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); height: auto;"/><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">谷歌Pixel 2 XL主板，标红位置是e-SIM（图源：iFixit）</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;">■物联网也是机遇</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">手握虚拟运营商资源后，不一定非得全都投入到消费级市场。在物联网高速发展的今天，虚拟运营商也可以利用手握的网络资源在工业、城市等领域进行物联网网络的部署与管理，充分挖掘从三大运营商买到的网络基础设施使用权的潜力。</p><img src="https://p26.toutiaoimg.com/origin/pgc-image/REGeF2r4ETL8Ez?from=pc" img_width="900" img_height="675" alt="手机通信新选择？国内虚拟运营商现状" inline="0" class="syl-page-img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px auto 8px; padding: 0px; cursor: zoom-in; max-width: 100%; display: block; border-radius: 4px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); height: auto;"/><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;">■赶上5G，虚拟运营商命运更加扑朔迷离</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2019年是5G商用的初始阶段，5G手机也将上市。虽然可以肯定的是三大运营商不会在现在就把5G网络基础设施使用权卖给虚拟运营商。但在几年后5G基础设施数量充足后，虚拟运营商能否在5G上做文章，能否在5G大环境下从三大运营商的统治之中找到缺口，只有时间能告诉我们。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">本文编辑：张哲</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px !important;">关注泡泡网，畅享科技生活。</p>
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