c++ - alternative to mutex lock/unlock when accessing class data

Question

I am trying to make my_class thread-safe like so.

class my_class
{
  const std::vector<double>& 
  get_data() const
  { //lock so that cannot get_data() while setting data
    lock l(m_mutex);
    return m_data;
  }

  void
  run()
  {
    vector<double> tmp;
    //some calculations on tmp.
    {  //lock so that cannot get_data() while setting m_data
      lock l(m_mutex);  
      m_data = tmp;  //set the data
    }
  }

private:
  std::vector<double> m_data;
  mutex m_mutex;
  my_class(); //non-copyable
}

run() and get_data() may be called by different openmp threads and so I introduce a lock. (Since am using openmp, m_mutex and lock are RAII wrappers around omp_init_lock(); etc. commands).

However, the lock on get_data () is expensive to create and destroy (The most expensive operation when I profile my code - I call get_data() a lot).

Is is possible to reorganise my_class to remove the lock in get_data()? Or is this lock the unavoidable cost of parallelising the code?

Answer 1

First step would be to look into read-write locks: this way multiple readers will not block each other.

The next step would be using lock-free or wait-free operations. There are plenty of resources online describing them better than I would be able to. Just one note: lock-free approaches deal with atomic (interlocked) operations, which means the data size needs to be small. If you go this route, you'll be atomically replacing a pointer to your vector, not the whole vector. This means your class will get a bit more complex and will deal with some pointers and memory management.