Is there any way I can speed this up?
No. The rate limit and quota is there to prevent you from abusing the service. It is possible that a paid license might give you a higher limit (but I don't think so).
Without saving the lat/long values?
The only way to geocode the addresses faster is to create your own geocoder or pay for access to a non-Google geocoder, I don't have any experience with non-Google free geocoders. There is free code and data available for the US (the free data is lower quality than Google's). Other countries will be more expensive.
The best solution is to geocode the addresses off-line and use the resulting coordinates to display the markers.
In GMap v3 or v2.
The v2 API has less than a year left in its official life, not recommended for new development.
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