c++ - Conversion from void* to the pointer of the base class

Question

I have some hierarchy: base, derived classes and some structure storing user data as void*. That void can store both Base and Derived classes pointers. Main problem that I do not know what is stored there base or derived pointer.

class Base
{
public:
  int type;
};
class Derived: public Base
{};

Base* base;//init base pointer
Derived* derived;//init derived pointer
void* base_v = base;
void* derived_v = derived;
//void pointers are correct. They point to base and derived variables.

//try to get type field after converting pointers back
Derived* d_restored = (Derived*)derived_v;//d_restored correct
Base* b_restored = (Base*)base_v;//b_restored correct
Base* d_restored_to_base = (Base*)derived_v;// INCORRECT

How to convert void* to get [type] field for both pointers? Thanks in advance.

Answer 1

void*'s can only be converted back to their original type. When you store a Derived* in a void*, you can only cast back to Derived*, not Base*.

This is especially noticeable with multiple inheritance, as your derived object might not necessarily be at the same address as your base. If you really need to store things (and retrieve things) with void*, always cast to the base type first, so you have a stable way of getting the object back:

#include <iostream>

struct base { int type; };
struct intruder { int iminyourclassstealingyourbase; };
struct derived : intruder, base {};

int main()
{
    derived d; d.type = 5;

    void* good = (base*)&d;
    void* bad = &d;

    base* b1 = (base*)good;
    base* b2 = (base*)bad;

    std::cout << "good: " << b1->type << "
";
    std::cout << "bad: " << b2->type << "
";
}

If you then want to go back to the derived type, use a dynamic_cast (or static_cast if you're guaranteed it has to be of the derived type.)