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I know that you are supposed to cache the results of a selector if you use it more than once. An example would be:

var $selected = $('.some-selected-element');

process($selected);
doStuff($selected);

But is there any performance benefit to caching $(this) if it is used multiple times?

$('.some-selector').hover(function () {
    if (!$(this).hasClass('some-other-class')) {
        $(this).addClass('another-class');
    }
    process($(this));
}
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Yes, there's a performance increase, because it prevents jQuery from having to interpret your selector.

Here's the interpretation of a selector, and what you'll be bypassing. https://github.com/jquery/jquery/blob/master/src/core.js#L78-188

Essentially, this part

if ( selector.nodeType ) {
    this.context = this[0] = selector;
    this.length = 1;
    return this;
}

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