data structures - Difference between a LinkedList and a Binary Search Tree

Question

What are the main differences between a Linked List and a BinarySearchTree? Is BST just a way of maintaining a LinkedList? My instructor talked about LinkedList and then BST but did't compare them or didn't say when to prefer one over another. This is probably a dumb question but I'm really confused. I would appreciate if someone can clarify this in a simple manner.

Answer 1

Linked List:

Item(1) -> Item(2) -> Item(3) -> Item(4) -> Item(5) -> Item(6) -> Item(7)

Binary tree:

                 Node(1)
                /
            Node(2)
           /    
          /      Node(3)
  RootNode(4)
                Node(5)
               /
            Node(6)
                
                 Node(7)

In a linked list, the items are linked together through a single next pointer. In a binary tree, each node can have 0, 1 or 2 subnodes, where (in case of a binary search tree) the key of the left node is lesser than the key of the node and the key of the right node is more than the node. As long as the tree is balanced, the searchpath to each item is a lot shorter than that in a linked list.

Searchpaths:

------ ------ ------
key    List   Tree
------ ------ ------
1      1      3
2      2      2
3      3      3
4      4      1
5      5      3
6      6      2
7      7      3
------ ------ ------
avg    4      2.43
------ ------ ------

By larger structures the average search path becomes significant smaller:

------ ------ ------
items  List   Tree
------ ------ ------
     1      1   1
     3      2   1.67
     7      4   2.43
    15      8   3.29
    31     16   4.16
    63     32   5.09
------ ------ ------